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Home > Civilization > Analects of Confucius

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Analects of Confucius

Written by the disciples or posterity ofConfuciusand completed around 475BC during the earlyWarring States Period(475-221BC),Lunyu(TheAnalects of Confucius) recorded Confucius' words and deeds. It recorded Confucius' thoughts of society, politics, philosophy, ethic, education and so on, even his habits and minutia of his life. The book was mostly written by the disciples or posterity of Confucius, and it offered the essential materials to study Confucius.

Among the stack of books written for researchonLunyuin past dynasties, the extant He Yan'sLunyu Jijie(Interpretation of the Analects) and Zhu Xi'sLunyu Jishi(Annotation to the Analects of Confucius) are representative works aboutLunyufrom the Confucian school. He Yan lived in theThree Kingdoms Period(220-280), and Zhu Xi lived in the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

In theQing Dynasty(1644-1911), Liu Baonan wroteLunyu Zhenyi(The Right Meaning of the Analects), adopted the viewpoint from theHan Dynasty(206BC-220AD), the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, and further expounded on He Yan's book. Cheng Shude, a scholar of modern times, compiledLunyu Jishi(Annotation to the Analects) by combining more than two hundred books, which has a high reference value.